The summum bonum in Kant’s Religionsschrift
Abstract
In this article, my aim is to show that the theory of the highest good in the Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason reflects great coherence and unity with what Kant says on the same topic in other works. In contrast with commentators who endorse a secular humanist reading of this notion in Kant’s late works, I defend the thesis that the highest good must be interpreted —due to textual and systematic reasons— as a notion which, on the one hand, is irreductible to mere political o moral enterprises, and, on the other, presupposes God as a transcendent being who gives his aid to human beings in order for them to overcome moral and physical evils and attain happiness in proportion to virtue.Downloads
References
Anderson-Gold, Sharon (2000), Unnecesary Evil. History and Moral Progress in the Philosophy of Immanuel Kant, Albany, SUNY.
Anderson-Gold, Sharon (1991), “God and community. An enquiry into the religious implications of the highest good”, en Philip J. Rossi y Michael Wreen (eds.), Kant’s Philosophy of Religion Reconsidered, Bloomington/Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, pp. 113-131.
Aufderheide, Joachim y Ralf M. Bader (eds.) (2015), The Highest Good in Aristotle and Kant, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Beck, Lewis White (1960), A Commentary on Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason, Chicago, Chicago University Press.
Beiser, Frederick C. (2006), “Moral faith and the highest good”, en Paul Guyer (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 558-629.
DiCenso, James J. (2012), Kant’s Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. A Commentary, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Di Giovanni, George (2005), Freedom and Religion in Kant and His Immediate Successors. The Vocation of Humankind 1774-1800, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Engstrom, Stephen (1992), “The concept of the highest good in Kant’s moral theory”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 52, núm. 4, pp. 747-780.
Fischer, Norbert (ed.) (2005), Kant und der Katholizismus. Stationen einer wechselhaften Geschichte, Friburgo, Herder.
Granja Castro, Dulce María (2018), “La presencia del Nuevo Testamento en la Religión dentro de los límites de la mera razón”, en Gustavo Leyva, Álvaro Peláez y Pedro Stepanenko (eds.), Los rostros de la razón. Immanuel Kant desde Hispanoamérica, vol. III, México/Barcelona, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana/Anthropos, pp. 91-110.
Habermas, Jürgen (2006), “El límite entre fe y saber. Sobre la influencia histórica y el significado actual de la filosofía de la religión de Kant”, en Entre naturalismo y religión, Barcelona, Paidós, pp.
Heine, Heinrich (2008), Sobre la historia de la religión y la filosofía en Alemania, Madrid, Alianza Editorial.
Höffe, Otfried (2003), Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Die Grundlegung der modernen Philosophie, München, C. H. Beck.
Horn, Christoph (2014), Nichtideale Normativität. Ein neuer Blick auf Kants politischer Philosophie, Francfórt, Suhrkamp.
Höwing, Thomas (ed.) (2016), The Highest Good in Kant’s Philosophy, Berlín/Boston, Walter de Gruyter.
Kant, Immanuel (2018), Hacia la paz perpetua, México, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana/Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Kant, Immanuel (2008), La metafísica de las costumbres, Madrid, Tecnos.
Kant, Immanuel (2006), “El fin de todas las cosas”, en Immanuel Kant, En defensa de la Ilustración, Barcelona, Alba Editorial, pp. 291-306.
Kant, Immanuel (2005), Crítica de la razón práctica, México, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana/Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Kant, Immanuel (2004), Crítica de la razón pura, Madrid, Alfaguara.
Kant, Immanuel (2003), Crítica del discernimiento, Madrid, Mínimo Tránsito.
Kant, Immanuel (2003), El conflicto de las facultades, Madrid, Alfaguara.
Kant, Immanuel (2001), La religión dentro de los límites de la mera razón, Madrid, Alianza Editorial.
Kant, Immanuel (2000), Lecciones sobre la filosofía de la religión, Madrid, Akal.
Kant, Immanuel (1996), Fundamentación de la metafísica de las costumbres, Barcelona, Ariel.
Kant, Immanuel (1900 y ss.) Gesammelte Schriften, vols. 1-22, Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften; vol. 23, Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin; desde el vol. 24, en adelante, Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen.
Keller, Daniel (2008), Der Begriff des höchsten Guts bei Immanuel Kant. Theologische Deutungen, Münster, Mentis.
Kleingeld, Pauline (2016), “Kant on ‘good’, the good, and the duty to promote the highest good”, en Thomas Höwing (ed.), The Highest Good in Kant’s Philosophy, Berlín/Boston, Walter de Gruyter, pp. 33-49.
Kuehn, Manfred (2002), Kant. A Biography, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Lema-Hincapié, Andrés (2006), Kant y la Biblia. Principios kantianos de exégesis bíblica, México/Barcelona, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana/Anthropos.
Mariña, Jacqueline (2000), “Making sense of Kant’s highest good”, Kant-Studien, vol. 91, núm. 3, pp. 329-355.
Marwede, Florian (2018), Das höchste Gut in Kants deontologischer Ethik, Berlín/Boston, Walter de Gruyter.
Moran, Kate (2012), Community and Progress in Kant’s Moral Philosophy, Washington D. C., The Catholic University of America Press.
Nenon, Thomas (1997), “The highest good and the happiness of others”, Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik, vol. 5, pp. 419-435.
Palmquist, Stephen (2000), Kant’s Critical Religion, Aldershot, Ashgate.
Papish, Laura (2018), Kant on Evil, Self-Deception, and Moral Reform, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Pasternack, Lawrence R. (2014), Kant on Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. An Interpretation and Defense, Nueva York, Routledge.
Payne, Charlton y Lucas Thorpe (eds.) (2011), Kant and the Concept of Community, Rochester, Rochester University Press.
Rawls, John (2000), Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Cambridge, Mass./Londres, Harvard University Press.
Reath, Andrews (1988), “Two conceptions of the highest good in Kant”, Journal of the History of Philosophy, vol. 26, núm. 4, pp. 593-619.
Ricoeur, Paul (1991), “El escándalo del mal”, Revista de Filosofía, vol. IV, pp. 191-197.
Rivera, Faviola (2014), Virtud, felicidad y religión en la filosofía moral de Kant, México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Rodríguez-Duplá, Leonardo (2019), El mal y la gracia. La religión natural de Kant, Barcelona, Herder.
Rossi, Phillip (2005), The Social Authority of Reason: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy, Albany, SUNY.
Sala, Giovanni B. (1992), “Die Lehre von Jesus Christus in Kants Religionsschrift”, en Friedo Ricken y François Marty (eds.), Kant über Religion, Sttutgart, Kohlhammer, pp. 143-155.
Schopenhauer, Arthur (2009), Los dos problemas fundamentales de la ética, Madrid, Siglo XXI.
Schultz, Werner (1961), Kant als Philosoph des Protestantismus, Hamburgo/Bergstedt, Herbert Reich.
Silber, John (1963 [c. 1959]), “The importance of the highest good in Kant’s ethics”, Ethics, vol. 73, núm. 3, pp. 179-197.
Stagneth, Bettina (2000), Kultur der Aufrichtigkeit. Zum systematischen Ort von Kants Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft, Wurzburg, Königshausen & Neumann.
Szyrwińska, Anna (2017), Wiedergeborene Freiheit. Der Einfluss des Pietismus auf die Ethik Immanuel Kants, Wiesbaden, Springer.
Timmermann, Jens (2007), Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. A Commentary, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Winter, Aloysius (2000), Der andere Kant. Zur Philosophischen, Theologie Immanuel Kants, Hildesheim, Olms.
